Central American Jewelry Thieves Gang Targeting Art Show Artists

Stealing of paintings or sculptures from museums

Art theft, sometimes chosen artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is often resold or used by criminals as collateral to secure loans.^[1] Merely a small percentage of stolen fine art is recovered—an estimated 10%.^[2] Many nations operate police squads to investigate art theft and illegal trade in stolen art and antiquities.^[iii]

Some famous art theft cases include the robbery of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911 by employee Vincenzo Peruggia.^[4] Another was theft of The Scream, stolen from the Munch Museum in 2004, simply recovered in 2006.^[five] The largest-value art theft occurred at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, when thirteen works, worth a combined $500 million were stolen in 1990. The instance remains unsolved.

Individual theft [edit]

Many thieves are motivated by the fact that valuable art pieces are worth millions of dollars and weigh but a few kilograms at most. As well, while most loftier-profile museums take extremely tight security, many places with multimillion-dollar art collections have disproportionately poor security measures.^[vi] That makes them susceptible to thefts that are slightly more than complicated than a typical smash-and-grab, simply offer a huge potential payoff. Thieves sometimes target works based on their ain familiarity with the artist, rather than the artist'due south reputation in the art globe or the theoretical value of the work.^[seven]

Unfortunately for the thieves, it is extremely difficult to sell the most famous and valuable works without getting caught, considering whatever interested buyer will most certainly know the piece of work is stolen and advertising it risks someone contacting the authorities. Information technology is also hard for the buyer to display the work to visitors without information technology being recognized as stolen, thus defeating much of the point of owning the art. Many famous works have instead been held for ransom from the legitimate owner or even returned without ransom, due to the lack of blackness-market customers. Returning for ransom also risks a sting performance.^[seven]

For those with substantial collections, such as the Marquess of Cholmondeley at Houghton Hall, the risk of theft is neither negligible nor negotiable.^[8] Jean-Baptiste Oudry's White Duck was stolen from the Cholmondeley drove at Houghton Hall in 1990. The sail is nevertheless missing.^[nine]

Prevention in museums [edit]

Museums can take numerous measures to prevent the theft of artworks include having enough guides or guards to spotter displayed items, fugitive situations where security-camera sightlines are blocked, and fastening paintings to walls with hanging wires that are not too thin and with locks.^[10]

Fine art theft educational activity [edit]

The Smithsonian Establishment sponsors the National Briefing on Cultural Property Protection, held annually in Washington, D. C. The conference is aimed at professionals in the field of cultural property protection.

Since 1996, holland-based Museum Security Network has disseminated news and information related to issues of cultural property loss and recovery. Since its founding the Museum Security Network has collected and disseminated over 45,000 reports about incidents with cultural property. The founder of the Museum Security Network, Ton Cremers, is recipient of the National Conference on Cultural Belongings Protection Robert Burke Award.

2007 saw the foundation of the Association for Research into Crimes against Fine art (ARCA). ARCA is a nonprofit remember tank dedicated principally to raising the contour of art criminal offense (art forgery and vandalism, as well as theft) as an academic subject field. Since 2009, ARCA has offered an unaccredited postgraduate certificate program dedicated to this field of study. The Postgraduate Certificate Program in Art Law-breaking and Cultural Heritage Protection is held from June to August every year in Italy. A few American universities, including New York University, as well offering courses on art theft.

Recovery [edit]

In the public sphere, Interpol, the FBI Fine art Law-breaking Team, London's Metropolitan Police Art and Antiques Unit, New York Police Department'due south special frauds squad^[iii] and a number of other law enforcement agencies worldwide maintain "squads" defended to investigating thefts of this nature and recovering stolen works of art.

According to Robert Rex Wittman, a one-time FBI agent who led the Fine art Crime Team until his retirement in 2008, the unit is very small compared with like law-enforcement units in Europe, and most art thefts investigated by the FBI involve agents at local offices who handle routine property theft. "Art and artifact crime is tolerated, in part, because information technology is considered a victimless law-breaking," Wittman said in 2010.^[10]

In response to a growing public awareness of art theft and recovery, a number of not-for-turn a profit and private companies at present act both to record information about losses and oversee recovery efforts for claimed works of fine art. Amongst the almost notable are:

• IFAR
• Commission for Looted Fine art in Europe
• Holocaust Claims Conference
• Art Loss Register
• Art Recovery Grouping

In January 2017, Spain'south Interior Ministry announced that police from eighteen European countries, with the support of Interpol, Europol, and Unesco, had arrested 75 people involved in an international network of art traffickers. The pan-European operation had begun in October, 2016 and led to the recovery of well-nigh 3,500 stolen items including archaeological artifacts and other artwork. The ministry building did non provide an inventory of recovered items or the locations of the arrests.^[xi]

In 1969 the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism formed the Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale (TPC), better known as the Carabinieri Art Squad. In 1980, the TPC established the database Leonardo, with information about more than 1 1000000 stolen artworks, and accessible to police force enforcement agencies around the world.^[12]

In December 2021 Michael Steinhardt, an American hedge-fund billionaire, was ordered to surrender 180 looted and illegally smuggled antiquities valued at seventy 1000000 U.S. dollars. The antiquities will be returned to their rightful owners and Mr. Steinhardt is banned for life from acquiring whatsoever other relics.^[13]

State theft, wartime looting and misappropriation by museums [edit]

From 1933 through the end of World State of war II, the Nazi regime maintained a policy of looting art for auction or for removal to museums in the Third Reich. Hermann Göring, head of the Luftwaffe, personally took charge of hundreds of valuable pieces, generally stolen from Jews and other victims of the Holocaust.

In early 2011, about 1,500 art masterpieces, assumed to have been stolen past the Nazis during and before World War Two, were confiscated from a individual home in Munich, Deutschland. The confiscation was not made public until November 2013.^[14] With an estimated value of $1 billion, their discovery is considered "phenomenal",^[xv] and includes works past Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Max Beckmann and Emil Nolde, all of which were considered lost.^[16]

The looted, by and large Modernist fine art was banned by the Nazis when they came to ability, on the grounds that information technology was "un-German language" or Jewish Bolshevist in nature.^[17] Descendants of Jewish collectors who were robbed of their works past the Nazis may be able to claim buying of many of the works.^[16] Members of the families of the original owners of these artworks have, in many cases, persisted in claiming title to their pre-state of war property.

The 1964 flick The Train, starring Burt Lancaster, is based on the true story of works of fine art which had been placed in storage for protection in French republic during the state of war, just was looted past the Germans from French museums and private fine art collections, to be shipped by train back to Germany. Another film, The Monuments Men (2014), co-produced, co-written and directed by George Clooney, is based on a like truthful-life story. In this film, U.S. soldiers are tasked with saving over a 1000000 pieces of fine art and other culturally important items throughout Europe, earlier their devastation by Nazi plunder.

In 2006, afterwards a protracted courtroom boxing in the United States and Republic of austria (encounter Republic of Austria 5. Altmann), five paintings by Austrian creative person Gustav Klimt were returned to Maria Altmann, the niece of pre-war owner, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer. Ii of the paintings were portraits of Altmann's aunt, Adele. The more famous of the two, the gilt Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, was sold in 2006 past Altmann and her co-heirs to philanthropist Ronald Lauder for $135 million. At the fourth dimension of the sale, it was the highest known price ever paid for a painting. The remaining four restituted paintings were later sold at Christie'southward New York for over $190 one thousand thousand.

Because antiquities are often regarded by the state of origin as national treasures, in that location are numerous cases where artworks (often displayed in the acquiring state for decades) take become the subject field of highly charged and political controversy. 1 prominent case is the case of the Elgin Marbles, which were moved from the Parthenon to the British Museum in 1816 by the Earl of Elgin. Many different Greek governments have called for the repatriation of the marbles.^[18]

Similar controversies take arisen over Etruscan, Aztec, and Italian artworks, with advocates of the originating countries generally alleging that the artifacts taken form a vital function of the countries cultural heritage. Yale University's Peabody Museum of Natural History is engaged (as of November 2006) in talks with the government of Peru about possible repatriation of artifacts taken during the excavation of Machu Picchu by Yale's Hiram Bingham. Likewise, the Chinese government considers Chinese fine art in foreign hands to be stolen and there may exist a cloak-and-dagger repatriation effort underway.^[xix]

In 2006, New York's Metropolitan Museum reached an understanding with Italy to return many disputed pieces. The Getty Museum in Los Angeles is too involved in a series of cases of this nature. The artwork in question is of Greek and ancient Italian origin. The museum agreed on Nov 20, 2006, to render 26 contested pieces to Italian republic. One of the Getty'due south signature pieces, a statue of the goddess Aphrodite, is the field of study of particular scrutiny.

In January 2013, later on investigations by Interpol, FBI and The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, police in Canada arrested John Tillmann for an enormous spate of art thefts. Information technology was later determined that Tillmann in conjunction with his Russian wife, had for over twenty years stolen at least 10,000 different art objects from museums, galleries, archives and shops around the globe. While not the largest art heist in total dollar value, Tillmann's case may be the largest e'er in number of objects stolen.

Famous cases of art theft [edit]

Case of art theft	Dates	Notes	References
Louvre	August 21, 1911	Principal article: Mona Lisa § Theft and vandalism Perhaps the near famous case of art theft occurred on August 21, 1911, when the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre by employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who was caught later on two years.	[4]
Panels from the Ghent Altarpiece	1934	Two panels of the fifteenth century Ghent Altarpiece, painted past the brothers January and Hubert Van Eyck were stolen in 1934, of which only one was recovered shortly after the theft. The other 1 (lower left of the opened altarpiece, known as De Rechtvaardige Rechters i.eastward. The But Judges), has never been recovered, as the presumable thief (Arsène Goedertier), who had sent some anonymous letters request for ransom, died before revealing the whereabouts of the painting.
Nazi theft and annexation of Europe during the 2nd World War	1939–1945	Main commodity: Nazi plunder The Nazi plundering of artworks was carried out by the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Establish for the Occupied Territories (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg für die Besetzen Gebiete). In occupied France, the Jeu de Paume Art Museum in Paris was used as a central storage and sorting depot for looted artworks from museums and individual fine art collections throughout France pending distribution to various persons and places in Germany. The Nazis confiscated tens of thousands of works from their legitimate Jewish owners. Some were confiscated past the Allies at the terminate of the war. Many ended upwardly in the hands of respectable collectors and institutions. Jewish ownership of some of the fine art was codified into the Geneva conventions.
Quedlinburg medieval artifacts	1945	Primary article: Theft of medieval art from Quedlinburg In 1945, an American soldier, Joe Meador, stole viii medieval artifacts constitute in a mineshaft near Quedlinburg, which had been hidden by members of the local clergy from Nazi looters in 1943. After he returned to the United states of america, the artifacts remained in Meador'due south possession until his decease in 1980. He made no attempt to sell them. When his older brother and sis attempted to sell a 9th-century manuscript and 16th-century prayer book in 1990, the 2 were charged. All the same, the charges were dismissed afterwards information technology was alleged the statute of limitations had expired.
Alfred Stieglitz Gallery	1946	Three paintings by Georgia O'Keeffe were stolen while on display at the art gallery of her husband, Alfred Stieglitz. The paintings were eventually found past O'Keeffe following their purchase by the Princeton Gallery of Fine Arts for $35,000 in 1975. O'Keeffe sued the museum for their render and, despite a six-year statute of limitations on art theft, a state appellate court ruled in her favor on July 27, 1979.
Dulwich College Moving picture Gallery	December 30, 1966	A total of 8 Old Master paintings—3 each past Rembrandt and Peter Paul Rubens, and one each by Adam Elsheimer and Gerrit Dou—were removed from this London gallery. The paintings were appraised at a combined value of £1.5 million (then The states$4.ii million). The thieves entered the gallery by cutting a panel out of an unused door. All of the paintings were recovered by January 4, 1967.
University of Michigan	1967	Sketches by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and British sculptor Henry Moore, valued at $200,000, were stolen while on brandish in a travelling art exhibit organized by the University of Michigan. The sketches were eventually plant by federal agents in a California auction house on January 24, 1969, although no arrests were fabricated.
Izmir Archaeology Museum	July 24, 1969	Various artifacts and other art worth $five meg were stolen from the Izmir Archæology Museum in Istanbul, Turkey on July 24, 1969 (during which a night watchman was killed by the unidentified thieves). Turkish police force presently arrested a High german citizen who, at the time of his arrest on August 1, had 128 stolen items in his car.
Stephen Hahn Art Gallery	November 17, 1969	Art thieves stole seven paintings, including works by Cassatt, Monet, Pissarro and Rouault, from fine art dealer Stephen Hahn'southward Madison Avenue art gallery at an estimated value of $500,000 on the night of Nov 17, 1969. Incidentally, Stephen Hahn had been discussing art theft with other fine art dealers every bit the theft was taking place.
1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery	September 4, 1972	On September 4, 1972, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts was the site of the largest art theft in Canadian history, when armed thieves made off with jewelry, figurines and 18 paintings worth a total of $two 1000000 (approximately $10.9 million today), including works past Delacroix, Gainsborough and a rare Rembrandt landscape. Other than a work at the time attributed to Brueghel the Elder returned by the thieves every bit an attempt to outset negotiations, the works have never been recovered. In 2003, The Globe and Mail estimated that the Rembrandt alone would be worth $i million.	[20]
Russborough Firm	1974–2002	Russborough Business firm, the Irish estate of the late Sir Alfred Beit, has been robbed four times since 1974. In 1974, members of the IRA, including Rose Dugdale, spring and gagged the Beits, making off with 19 paintings worth an estimated £8 million. A bargain to commutation the paintings for prisoners was offered, but the paintings were recovered afterward a raid on a rented cottage in Cork, and those responsible were caught and imprisoned. In 1986, a Dublin gang led by Martin Cahill stole eighteen paintings worth an estimated £30 million in total. Sixteen paintings were subsequently recovered, with a further ii still missing Equally of 2006[update]. Two paintings worth an estimated £three million were stolen by three armed men in 2001. One of these, a Gainsborough had been previously stolen by Cahill'southward gang. Both paintings were recovered in September 2002. A mere ii to three days after the recovery of the 2 paintings stolen in 2001, the house was robbed for the fourth fourth dimension, with five paintings taken. These paintings were recovered in December 2002 during a search of a firm in Clondalkin.
Kanakria mosaics and the looting of Cypriot Orthodox Churches following the invasion of Cyprus	1974	Following the invasion of Republic of cyprus in 1974 by Turkey, and the occupation of the northern part of the island churches belonging to the Cypriot Orthodox Church accept been looted in what is described every bit "…one of the most systematic examples of the looting of art since World State of war Two".[21] Several loftier-profile cases have fabricated headline news on the international scene. Most notable was the example of the Kanakaria mosaics, 6th century Advertisement frescoes that were removed from the original church, trafficked to the United states and offered for auction to a museum for the sum of United states$20,000,000. These were subsequently recovered by the Orthodox Church post-obit a court case in Indianapolis.	[22] [23]
Picasso works in the Palais des Papes	January 31, 1976	On January 31, 1976, 118 paintings, drawings and other works by Picasso were stolen from an exhibition at the Palais des Papes in Avignon, France.	[24] [25] [26]
50. A. Mayer Establish for Islamic Art	April 15, 1983	On April 15, 1983, more than 200 rare clocks and watches were stolen from the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art in Jerusalem. Among the stolen watches was one known as the Marie-Antoinette, the most valuable piece of the watch collection fabricated past the French-Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Breguet on lodge by Queen Marie Antoinette, it is estimated to exist worth $xxx meg. The heist is considered to be the largest robbery in State of israel. The man responsible for the robbery was Naaman Diller. On Nov xviii, 2008, French and Israeli police force officials discovered one-half of the cache of stolen timepieces in two bank safes in France. Of the 106 rare timepieces stolen in 1983, 96 have now been recovered. Among those recovered was the rare Marie-Antoinette watch. In 2010, Nilli Shomrat, Diller'southward widow, was sentenced to 300 hours of community service and given a five-twelvemonth suspended sentence for possession of stolen holding.	[27] [28]
Musée Marmottan Monet	October 28, 1985	Main article: Musée Marmottan Monet § 1985 theft On October 28, 1985, during daylight hours, five masked gunmen with pistols at the security and visitors entered the museum and stole 9 paintings from the drove. Among them were Impression, Sunrise (Impression, Soleil Levant) past Claude Monet, the painting from which the Impressionism move took from. Aside from that as well stolen were Camille Monet and Cousin on the Beach at Trouville, Portrait of Jean Monet, Portrait of Poly, Fisherman of Belle-Isle and Field of Tulips in Kingdom of the netherlands as well past Monet, Bather Sitting on a Rock and Portrait of Monet by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Young Woman at the Ball by Berthe Morisot, and Portrait of Monet past Sei-ichi Naruse and were valued at $12 million.[29] The paintings were later recovered in Corsica in 1990.[xxx]
University of Arizona Museum of Fine art	November 27, 1985	A couple who arrived at the museum presently before it opened for the day left x minutes later. Guards institute shortly afterwards that Willem de Kooning'southward Woman-Ochre had been cut from its frame; sketches were fabricated of the couple just the investigation was unable to make whatsoever progress until 2017, when a New Mexico antique dealer found the painting in the abode of a recently deceased woman for whom he had been contracted to hold an estate sale. After his customers told him the painting was probable a de Kooning, he plant that information technology had been stolen in 1987 during an Internet search. He contacted the museum, which sent staff the next twenty-four hours to selection information technology up.[31]
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum	March 18, 1990	Chief article: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft The largest fine art theft, and the largest theft of any individual belongings, in world history occurred in Boston on March 18, 1990, when thieves stole 13 pieces, collectively worth $300 million, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. A reward of $5,000,000 was on offering for information leading to their return, but expired at the end of 2017. The pieces stolen were: Vermeer's The Concert, which is the most valuable stolen painting in the world; two Rembrandt paintings, The Tempest on the Bounding main of Galilee (his simply known seascape) and Portrait of a Lady and Gentleman in Black; A Rembrandt self-portrait etching; Manet's Chez Tortoni; v drawings by Edgar Degas; Govaert Flinck'southward Landscape with an Obelisk; an ancient Chinese Qu; and a finial that once stood atop a flag from Napoleon'due south Army.
The Scream (National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design)	February 12, 1994	Master article: The Scream § Thefts In 1994, Edvard Munch's The Scream was stolen from the National Gallery in Oslo, Norway, and held for ransom. Information technology was recovered later in the twelvemonth.
Kunsthalle Schirn	July 28, 1994	Primary commodity: Frankfurt art theft (1994) Iii paintings were stolen from a High german gallery in 1994, two of them belonging to the Tate Gallery in London. In 1998, Tate conceived of Operation Cobalt, the surreptitious buyback of the paintings from the thieves. The paintings were recovered in 2000 and 2002, resulting in a profit of several million pounds for Tate, considering of prior insurance payments.
Mather Brown's Thomas Jefferson	July 28, 1994	While being stored in preparation to be reproduced, the portrait of Thomas Jefferson painted by creative person Mather Brown in 1786, was stolen from a Boston warehouse on July 28, 1994. Regime apprehended the thieves and recovered the painting on May 24, 1996, following a protracted FBI investigation.
Caracas Museum of Contemporary Fine art (MACCSI)	1999-2000	The work of Henri Matisse Odalisque with red trousers, dating back to 1925 was stolen from the museum and replaced by a bad imitation; this work valued at ten 1000000 dollars was recovered in 2012 and returned to the establishment 2 years later.
Cooperman Art Theft hoax	1999	In July 1999, Los Angeles ophthalmologist Steven Cooperman was convicted of insurance fraud for arranging the theft of two paintings, a Picasso and a Monet, from his home in an endeavor to collect $17.5 million in insurance.
Vjeran Tomic	Autumn, 2000	In France, using a crossbow, ropes, and a caribiner, Tomic broke into an apartment and stole 2 Renoirs, a Derain, an Utrillo, a Braque, and various other works worth more than a million euros.	[32]
Nationalmuseum	Dec 22, 2000	Primary article: Nationalmuseum Robbery One Rembrandt and two Renoir paintings were stolen from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, Sweden, after 3 armed thieves, who had diverted the attention of police by setting off two separate car bombs nearby beforehand, broke into the museum and fled using a boat, moored nearby. Past 2001, the police had recovered one of the Renoirs and by March 2005 they had recovered the second one in Los Angeles. That yr, in September, they recovered the Rembrandt in a sting functioning in a hotel in Copenhagen.	[33]
Stephane Breitwieser	2001	Principal commodity: Stephane Breitwieser Stephane Breitwieser admitted to stealing 238 artworks and other exhibits from museums travelling effectually Europe; his motive was to build a vast personal collection. In January 2005, Breitwieser was given a 26-month prison judgement. Unfortunately, over lx paintings, including masterpieces by Brueghel, Watteau, François Boucher, and Corneille de Lyon were chopped upward by Breitwieser's mother, Mireille Stengel, in what constabulary believe was an effort to remove incriminating bear witness against her son.	[34]
Van Gogh Museum	December 8, 2002	Main article: Van Gogh Museum § Art thefts The two paintings Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen and View of the Sea at Scheveningen by Vincent van Gogh were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Two men were convicted for the theft. The FBI Art Crime Team estimates their combined value at United states$thirtymillion. The paintings were recovered from the Naples mafia in September 2016 following a raid on a house at Castellammare di Stabia, near Pompeii.	[35] [36] [37] [38]
Whitworth Art Gallery	April 26, 2003	Three artworks—Vincent van Gogh's The Fortification of Paris with Houses, Pablo Picasso's Bluish Period Poverty and Paul Gauguin's Tahitian Landscape—valued at £4 million were discovered missing past staff at the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester on the morning of Sunday Apr 27, 2003. The pieces were stolen any time from 21:00 the evening prior in a heist described as sophisticated by Greater Manchester Constabulary. The thieves had bypassed the gallery'south alarm systems, unscrewed the paintings and carried them to a dorsum door, leaving the grounds via a pigsty in a chain-link contend. Initially it was speculated the iii pieces had been stolen to lodge, however, shortly subsequently 02:00 on Monday April 28, police received an anonymous 999 phone call directing them to a disused public lavatory in the adjacent Whitworth Park, some 200 metres from the gallery. The artworks were discovered in the toilets, rolled up inside a brown cardboard poster tube alongside a handwritten notation criticising the gallery's security. (The Whitworth Gallery had in fact updated its security system two years prior). The pieces suffered minor damage, with the Van Gogh bearing a modest tear in the corner, and the Picasso and Gauguin both water damaged. Nonetheless, all were restored and returned to public view within a matter of weeks. The frames were not recovered.	[39] [xl] [41] [42]
The Scream and Madonna (Munch Museum)	August 22, 2004	Main article: The Scream § Thefts On August 22, 2004, another original of The Scream was stolen—Munch painted several versions of The Scream—together with Munch's Madonna. This time the thieves targeted the version held by the Munch Museum, from where the 2 paintings were stolen at gunpoint and during opening hours. Both paintings were recovered on August 31, 2006, relatively undamaged. Three men have already been convicted, but the gunmen remain at big. If caught, they could face up to 8 years in prison.	[43] [44]
Munch paintings theft in Kingdom of norway	March 6, 2005	On March vi, 2005, three more Munch paintings were stolen from a hotel in Kingdom of norway, including Blue Apparel, and were recovered the next twenty-four hours.	[45]
Kunsthistorisches Museum	May 11, 2003	Principal article: Cellini Salt Cellar § Theft and render On May 11, 2003, Benvenuto Cellini's Saliera was stolen from the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, which was covered by a scaffolding at that time due to reconstruction works. On January 21, 2006, the Saliera was recovered by the Austrian police.
Henry Moore Foundation Perry Green	December xv, 2005	The artist's cast of Reclining Figure 1969–70, a statuary sculpture of British sculptor Henry Moore, was stolen from the Henry Moore Foundation's Perry Green base on Dec 15, 2005. Thieves are believed to have lifted the 3.6 × 2 × two metres (11.8 × 6.vi × vi.6 ft) broad, 2.ane-tonne statue onto the dorsum of a Mercedes lorry using a crane. Police investigating the theft believe it could have been stolen for scrap value.	[46]
Museu da Chácara practice Céu	Feb 24, 2006	On February 24, 2006, the paintings Man of Sickly Complexion Listening to the Sound of the Body of water by Salvador Dalí, The Dance by Pablo Picasso, Luxembourg Gardens by Henri Matisse, and Marine by Claude Monet were stolen from the Museu da Chácara practice Céu [pt] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The thieves took advantage of a carnival parade passing by the museum and disappeared into the crowd. The paintings haven't been recovered still.	[47]
São Paulo Museum of Art	December twenty, 2007	On Dec 20, 2007, effectually five o'clock in the morning, three men invaded the São Paulo Museum of Art and took two paintings, considered to be amidst the almost valuable of the museum: the Portrait of Suzanne Bloch by Pablo Picasso and Cândido Portinari's O lavrador de café. The whole action took about 3 minutes. The paintings, which are listed as Brazilian National Heritage by IPHAN,[48] remained missing until January 8, 2008, when they were recovered in Ferraz de Vasconcelos past the Constabulary of São Paulo. The paintings were returned, undamaged, to the São Paulo Museum of Art.[49] [50]	[51]
Foundation E.G. Bührle	February 11, 2008	Main commodity: Foundation E.G. Bührle § Fine art theft On February 11, 2008, four major impressionist paintings were stolen from the Foundation E.G. Bührle in Zürich, Switzerland. They were Monet's Poppy Field at Vetheuil, Ludovic Lepic and his Daughter by Edgar Degas, Van Gogh's Blossoming Anecdote Branches, and Cézanne's Boy in the Red Belong. The total worth of the iv is estimated at $163 1000000.	[52] [53]
Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo	June 12, 2008	On June 12, 2008, three armed men bankrupt into the Pinacoteca do Estado Museum, São Paulo with a crowbar and a carjack around v:09 am and stole The Painter and the Model (1963) and Minotaur, Drinker and Women (1933) by Pablo Picasso, Women at the Window (1926) by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, and Couple (1919) by Lasar Segall. It was the 2d theft of art in São Paulo in six months. On Baronial 6, 2008, two paintings were discovered in the firm of one of the thieves and recovered by constabulary in the same city.	[54] [55] [56]
Hübner Palace, Budapest	Febr 11, 2010	Main commodity: Hübner Palace § 2010 theft On Feb eleven, 2010, Rácz Erzsébet, owner of the painting of Palma il Giovane - Venus with a Mirror, reported a set of robberies. In its course all of her art collection were taken. Among other paintings this one likewise. The painting: oil, dry fresco, wooden tablet. Szépművészeti Múzeum (Museum of Fine Arts registration number: 290137.
Musée d'Fine art Moderne de la Ville de Paris	May ten, 2010	Main article: Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris § 2010 theft On May twenty, 2010, the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris reported the overnight theft of five paintings from its collection. The paintings taken were Le pigeon aux petits pois by Pablo Picasso, La Pastorale by Henri Matisse, Fifty'Olivier près de l'Estaque by Georges Braque, La Femme à l'éventail (Modigliani) [fr] by Amedeo Modigliani and Notwithstanding Life with Candlestick (Nature Morte aux Chandeliers) past Fernand Léger and were valued at €100 million ($123 million). The thief was eventually constitute to be Vjeran Tomic.	[57] [58] [32]
Venus Over Manhattan	June 19, 2012	Main article: Cartel de Don Juan Tenorio On June nineteen, 2012, Salvador Dalí's Cartel de Don Juan Tenorio was stolen from the and then month-old Venus Over Manhattan gallery in New York City. The theft was captured on tape. The cartoon was mailed back to the gallery from Hellenic republic, and was displayed for the last mean solar day of a x-day show.	[59] [60]
Dulwich Park	December 19–twenty, 2012	A bandage of Barbara Hepworth's (5/vi) Two Forms (Divided Circle) was displayed in Dulwich Park from 1970 until information technology was cut from information technology plinth by fleck metal thieves in December 2011. It was insured for £500,000, but its bit value was estimated at perhaps £750. Southwark Council offered a reward of £one,000, and the Hepworth Estate increased the advantage to £5,000, for information leading to the arrest and confidence of the thieves.	[61] [62] [63] [64] [65]
Kunsthal	October 16, 2012	Main article: Kunsthal § Art theft On October xvi, 2012, vii paintings were stolen from the museum in Rotterdam. The paintings included Monet'due south Waterloo Span, London and Charing Cantankerous Bridge, London, Picasso's Tete d'Arlequin, Gauguin'due south Femme devant une fenêtre ouverte, Matisse's La Liseuse en Blanc et Jaune, De Haan'southward Autoportrait, and Lucian Freud's Woman with Eyes Airtight.	[66]
John Tillmann	January 18, 2013	Main commodity: John Tillmann On Jan xviii, 2013, law in Canada arrested John Marking Tillmann of Fall River Nova Scotia after all-encompassing investigations by Interpol, FBI, RCMP and the United states Dept of Homeland Security. The example was mammoth and it took regime nearly three years to close the file. Tillmann was sentenced to ix years in prison for stealing over x,000 pieces of art-piece of work. In sheer volume, it may be the biggest instance of art heist of all fourth dimension. It was afterwards determined that Tillmann had acted in concert with his Russian wife and her blood brother, and that they had travelled extensively posing as security and maintenance workers to gain access to museums. Successfully eluding authorities for almost twenty years, the trio had stolen millions of dollars of artifacts in every continent except Australia. Tillmann and his accomplice wife, even raided the Nova Scotia Provincial Legislature in his home province, making off with a valuable 200 year sometime watercolour. He was versatile in his art thefts, non solely concentrating on paintings, but besides known for stealing rare books, statutes, coins, edged weapons, and even a five,000 year old Egyptian mummy. A academy graduate, he was a history buff.	[67] [68] [69] [seventy] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79]
Sripuranthan Chola Idols	Jan, 2006	Primary commodity: Sripuranthan Natarajan Idol In 2006, most 8 antiquarian Chola idols, that of Natarajar and Uma Mashewari, Vinayagar, Devi, Deepalaksmi, Chandrashekarar, Sampanthar and Krishnar, were stolen from the Brihadeeswarar temple at Sripuranthan, allegedly on the orders of New York-based art dealer Subhash Kapoor, and smuggled to the United States. Of these statues the Natarajar idol was sold to the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra for US$5.1 million and the Vinayagar idol to the Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio, and the Uma Maheswari idol to Asian Civilisation Museum, Singapore. The scandal was exposed by the investigative website Chasing Aphrodite, and received wide coverage in the Indian media. The Australian Government decided to return to idol to Republic of india and it was handed over to the Indian Prime Government minister. The other museums also agreed to return the stolen idols.	[80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86]
Francis Bacon art in Madrid	June 2015, made public in March 2016	5 paintings –said to be of medium-to-small-scale size and worth a combined estimated €30m– past Irish gaelic artist Francis Bacon were stolen from the Madrid home of their owner during his absenteeism in what has been defined every bit the largest contemporary fine art heist in recent Castilian history. The owner is the last known love interest of the painter, from whom he had inherited the paintings. The art thieves left no fingerprints and managed to get away with the works without setting off any alarms or raising any eyebrows in one of the city's safest and most heavily monitored districts. In May 2016 seven people were detained in connexion with the case, they stand accused for masterminding the heist and are currently on parole. However the artworks (which are believed to remain somewhere in Kingdom of spain) were not plant. In July 2017 three of the 5 paintings were recovered by the Castilian police.	[87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93]

Notable unrecovered works [edit]

Images of some artworks that have been stolen and have not notwithstanding been recovered.

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Fictional fine art theft [edit]

Genres such every bit offense fiction often portray fictional art thefts equally glamorous or exciting raising generations of admirers. Well-nigh of these sources add together adventurous, even heroic element to the theft, portraying it as an achievement. In literature, a niche of the mystery genre is devoted to art theft and forgery. In film, a caper story normally features complicated heist plots and visually exciting getaway scenes. In many of these movies, the stolen art piece is a MacGuffin.^[94]

Literature [edit]

• Author Iain Pears has a series of novels known as the Art History Mysteries, each of which follows a fictional shady dealing in the art history earth.
• St. Agatha's Breast past T. C. Van Adler follows an order of monks attempting to rail the theft of an early on Poussin piece of work.
• The Man Who Stole the Mona Lisa past Robert Noah is a historical fiction speculating on the motivations backside the actual theft.
• Inca Gold by Clive Cussler is a Dirk Pitt adventure about pre-Columbian art theft.
• Author James Twining has written a trio of novels featuring a grapheme called Tom Kirk, who is/was an art thief. The 3rd book, The Gilt Seal is centered on a fictional theft of Da Vinci works, specifically, the Mona Lisa.
• Ian Rankin's novel Doors Open centers on an art heist organised by a bored man of affairs.
• The Fine art Thief by Noah Charney, a fiction quoting art thefts in history, some plots are based on the real theft of missing Caravaggio from Palermo. Through a character'southward rima oris the author too gave his decision as how to narrow the circumvolve of suspects for the famous robbery of the Boston Gardner Museum.
• Chasing Vermeer by Blue Balliett.
• In The Tenth Chamber by Glenn Cooper, a fictional town hijacks a train and steals, among other artifacts, the Portrait of a Boyfriend by Raphael (missing in real life), offer a fictional explanation as to its disappearance.
• Heist Society by Marry Carter is a young adult fiction novel depicting teens who rob the Henley.
• In the manga From Eroica With Love, British Earl, Dorian Crimson, Earl of Gloria, is the notorious fine art thief, Eroica.
• Art Historian Noah Charney'due south 2011 monograph, "The Theft of the Mona Lisa: On Stealing the Worlds Most Famous Painting" (ARCA Publications) is a total account of the 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre Museum.
• In If Tomorrow Comes by Sidney Sheldon, a very cunning plan to steal a painting past Francisco Goya was watched closely by an Interpol officer, merely eventually succeeded.

Moving-picture show [edit]

• Topkapi (1964) starring Melina Mercouri, Maximilian Schell, and Peter Ustinov, depicts the meticulously planned theft of an emerald-encrusted dagger from the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul.
• How to Steal a Million (1966) starring Peter O'Toole and Audrey Hepburn, about the theft from a Paris museum of a fake Cellini sculpture to prevent its exposure equally a forgery.
• Gambit (1966), starring Michael Caine and Shirley MacLaine
• Once a Thief (1991), directed by John Woo, follows a trio of art-thieves in Hong Kong who stumble across a valuable cursed painting.
• Hudson Hawk (1991) centers on a cat infiltrator who is forced to steal Da Vinci works of art for a world domination plot.
• In Entrapment (1999), an insurance amanuensis is persuaded to join the earth of art theft by an aging master thief.
• Ocean's Twelve (2004) involves the theft of four paintings (including Blue Dancers by Edgar Degas) and the main plot revolves around a contest to steal a Fabergé egg.
• Vinci (2004), a Smooth art thief is hired to steal Lady with an Ermine by Leonardo da Vinci from the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow and gets his former partner-turned police force officer friend to help him.
• The Maiden Heist (2009), three museum security guards who devise a programme to steal dorsum the artworks to which they have get fastened later on they are transferred to another museum.
• Headhunters (2011), a corporate recruiter who doubles every bit an art thief sets out to steal a Rubens painting from one of his job prospects.
• Doors Open up (2012), a British idiot box movie based on the novel by Ian Rankin.
• Trance (2013) Simon, an art auctioneer, becomes involved in the theft of a painting, Goya'southward Witches in the Air, from his own auction house.
• The Thomas Crown Matter (1999), When the painting of San Giorgio Maggiore at Sunset by Monet is stolen from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the insurers of the $100 million artwork send investigator Catherine Banning (Rene Russo) to assist NYPD Detective Michael McCann (Denis Leary) in solving the crime.
• Belphegor, Phantom of the Louvre (2001), A rare collection of artifacts from an archaeological dig in Egypt are brought to the famous Musée du Louvre in Paris. While experts are using a laser scanning device to determine the age of a sarcophagus, a ghostly spirit escapes and makes its way into the museum's electrical system.
• Woman in Gold (2015), historical drama about the efforts of Maria Altmann's decade-long battle to repossess Gustav Klimt'due south painting of her aunt, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I.
• St. Trinian's (2007), A grouping of schoolgirls scheme to steal Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring and use the profits to save their school from closure.

Television [edit]

• White Collar (2009-2014), Neal Caffrey, an fine art thief and suave con artist, teams upwards with FBI Agent Peter Burke to grab criminals using his expertise. However, throughout the course of the series, Neal continues to occasionally steal fine art under a variety of circumstances. Multiple seasons involve a plot arch that revolves around a enshroud of Nazi-looted art.
• Leverage (2008-2012), A crew of semi-reformed criminals form a Robin Hood-style organization that helps people no i else can help. Many members of the group have flashbacks to various instances of art theft in which they participated. At times, they are required to steal art in order to complete their jobs of aiding desperate people.
• The Blacklist (2013–2021), artwork and antiquities (stolen or otherwise) is often a big part, if not a key theme, to many episodes in the series. Raymond Reddington has too admitted to brokering many deals revolving around stolen art, sculptures, coins, and many other minor items of creative value during his time as a criminal mastermind.

Run into also [edit]

• FBI
• Interpol
• Kempton Bunton
• List of artworks with contested provenance
• Listing of stolen paintings
• Looted art

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• Boser, Ulrich (2009). The Gardner Heist: The True Story of the World's Largest Unsolved Art Theft. Smithsonian. ISBN978-0-06-053117-ane. A detailed business relationship of the ongoing investigation into the robbery at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston.
• Connor, Myles J. (2009). The Fine art of the Heist: Confessions of a Master Art Thief, Rock-and-Roller, and Prodigal Son. Harper. ISBN978-0-06-167228-six.
• Cox, Steven (June nineteen, 2017). "White-Collar Crimes In Museums". Curator: The Museum Journal. 60 (2): 235–248. doi:ten.1111/cura.12197.
• Dolnick, Edward (2009). The Rescue Artist: A True Story of Fine art, Thieves, and the Hunt for a Missing Masterpiece . HarperCollins. ISBN978-0-06-145183-6. A detailed account of the theft of The Scream by Edvard Munch.
• McShane, Thomas, with Dary Matera (2007). Boodle: Inside the World of Stolen Fine art. Maverick Firm Publishers. ISBN978-1-905379-37-eight. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
• Reit, Seymour (1981). The Day They Stole the Mona Lisa. Acme Books. ISBN978-0-671-25056-0.
• Nicholas, Lynn (1995). The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the 2d Earth War. Vintage. ISBN978-0-679-75686-6.
• O'Connor, Anne-Marie (2012). The Lady in Gold: The Boggling Tale of Gustav Klimt's Masterpiece, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer . Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN978-0-307-26564-7.

External links [edit]

• FBI art theft Program
• Art and Antiques Unit – New Scotland Yard
• YourBrushWithTheLaw.com – Promotion in Fine art Theft Awareness
• www.interpol.int Interpol Lyon, Stolen Works of Art
• Greatest heists in art history (BBC)
• The Art Loss Annals Archived December 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
• Investigating Stolen Art-The Reason Why past Richards Ellis of AXA 2005
• Secrets behind the largest art theft in history (Gardner Museum theft)
• ARCA – Association for Research Into Crimes Against Art
• Chasing Aphrodite – Reports on recent art criminal offence news
• Museum Security Network – An online clearinghouse for news and information related to cultural property loss and recovery
• Adele's Wish a 2008 documentary picture show dealing with the theft and restitution of five paintings by Gustav Klimt, including the famous "Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I".
• The Van Eyck Theft guided tour exploring the Van Eyck theft in Ghent in 1934.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_theft

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