How to Read Vermont City Directory 1949

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Online Resources [edit | edit source]

1749-1940 Usa City and Business Directories, ca. 1749 - ca. 1990 at FamilySearch - How to Use this Collection; index & images
1822-1995 U.Southward., Metropolis Directories, 1822-1995 at Ancestry - index & images ($) (gratis at FamilySearch Centers)
1950-1993 U.Due south. Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume ane at Ancestry - index ($)
1950-1993 U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume ii at Ancestry - index ($)
U.S. City Directories at MyHeritage - alphabetize & images ($)
United States City Directores at Fold3 - alphabetize & images ($); free at FamilySearch centers, dates vary by location, incomplete
United States Online Historical Directories- identifies historical metropolis, canton, business and other directories bachelor online on both gratis and pay-to-access websites.
US City Directories - identifies directories by identify and gives repository and phone call number (incl. FHL film numbers).

Why were Directories Created [edit | edit source]

Directories were created for salesmen, merchants, and other interested in contacting residents of an area. They are arranged alphabetically giving lists of names and addresses. These often list the adult residents of a city or area.

The most helpful directories for genealogical research are city and county directories of local residents and businesses. These are generally published annually and may include an private's address, occupation, spouse's proper noun, and other helpful facts. An individual's accost can be very helpful when searching an unindexed census of a large metropolis.

Read an fantabulous article most directories on the New York Public Library blog.

Why Apply Directories [edit | edit source]

Directories are particularly helpful for research in large cities, where a high percent of the people were renters, new arrivals, or temporary residents.
A directory may be the just source to list an ancestor if he or she was not registered to vote and did not ain property.
Learn the exact years your ancestor inhabited a identify.
Locate ancestor in a demography that hasn't been indexed (esp. state census).
Judge year of immigration.
Learn occupation and employer as identifiers
Find other family members.

Potential Content [edit | edit source]

An alphabetical listing of inhabitants (bundled by name, address, and occupation).
A street address listing (arranged by accost, name, and occupation).
Widows, working women, and developed children at domicile.
Ward maps.
Street locator, including cross streets.
Street name changes.
Removals (sometimes destinations!).
Businesses (and index to advertisers).
Addresses and maps of churches, schools, funeral homes, cemeteries, mail offices, courts, hospitals, benevolent associations, newspapers.
Many early on directories listed just businesspeople.
Some directories list married woman in parenthesis.
Whether a woman is a widow (including name of husband).
Listing of marriages and deaths of previous year.
Expiry date.

Availability [edit | edit source]

Time Catamenia of availability: Directories accept been published usually annually (yearly) since the early 1800's. City and county directories are similar to nowadays day telephone books and are useful records for locating people.

Local public and university libraries generally have directories for their region. The Library of Congress has the largest collection of metropolis and canton directories.

Locating Directories [edit | edit source]

Finding Aids [edit | edit source]

City Directories of the United States. New Haven: Research Publications, Inc. 1971-
Urban center Directories of the U.s., 1860-1901: Guide to the Microfilm Collection. Woodbridge, CT: Research Publications, 1983
Spear, Dorothea N. Bibliography of American Directories Through 1860. Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1961.
United States Directories & Almanacs at findmypast, Index.

Directories at the Family History Library [edit | edit source]

The Family History Library has a comprehensive drove, City Directories of the U.s., reproduced on microform by Research Publications. This includes 336 cities and regions from the late 1700s to 1935. The pre-1860 city directories are on more than 6,000 microfiche. Directories for 1861 to 1935 are on one,118 microfilms. These and other directories are listed in the Identify Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under

[Land], [COUNTY], [TOWN] - DIRECTORIESFamilySearch Catalog U.Due south. City Directories, 1795-1860 Microfiche 6013501-6044684

You can find further information about urban center directories in FamilySearch Wiki pages regarding each land. For example, search Ohio directories for information about directories of Ohio.

Some directories list only certain types of businesses, professionals, clergymen, alumni, or other special groups. These are listed in the Identify Search of the FamilySearch Catalog nether:

[STATE] - DIRECTORIES

[Land] - OCCUPATIONS

[STATE], [COUNTY] - DIRECTORIES

[STATE], [County] - OCCUPATIONS

There are too special directories that tin can aid y'all locate libraries, newspapers, churches, ethnic associations, government officials, and other organizations or offices.

Directories by Land [edit | edit source]

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Commune of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Due north Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Due west Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Search Steps [edit | edit source]

Bank check the start of the directory for cutoff dates, geographical coverage, and the meaning of abbreviations.
Cheque alphabetical listing or residents to observe known ancestors.
Afterward finding a known ancestor's address in the alphabetical listings, cheque the street accost listing to find unknown ancestors at the aforementioned address.

Tips [edit | edit source]

Directories list occupants (not necessarily owners).
Major cities: Cheque town or county histories for outlying towns after absorbed by a city.
Minorities were often listed separately.
Others at your ancestor'southward address may exist boarders.
Pay attention to occupations. They can give yous an extra "handle" by which you tin can identify your ancestor in another record. If an alphabetical listing says your ancestor is "Asst. to John Doe," run into what John Doe does for a living.
Streets were renumbered. If your ancestor'south accost changes, come across if his neighbors' addresses modify correspondingly.
Second marriages: If a widow is listed at an address, then replaced past a man the side by side year at that address, check spousal relationship records!
Observe ancestor in all available directories. This yields more name handles, more relatives at same address, and more than occupations.
For blank forms you can utilize to extract data from a directory, click here:[ane]

What to Exercise Adjacent [edit | edit source]

Directories serve equally springboards to other records:

Church records [edit | edit source]

To locate church records to search for an antecedent, use directories to notice addresses of churches virtually your ancestor's residence.
If you have a spousal relationship certificate naming the minister who performed the wedlock anniversary, find his listing in directories to acquire the name of his church building.

Land records [edit | edit source]

Directory listings often mention whether the resident is an owner, renter, or boarder. If possessor, encounter land records!

Works Referenced [edit | edit source]

Egan-Baker, Maryan. "U.Due south. Census & City Directories: The Dynamic Duo." Utah Genealogical Association Conference. Table salt Lake Metropolis, Utah, thirteen April. 2000.
Gormley, Myra Vanderpool, C.G. City Directories: Windows on the By. <http://www.beginnings.com/columns/myra/Shaking_Family_Tree03-19-98.htm>. nineteen March 1998 (Accessed 27 August 2002).
Hinckley, Kathleen W., C.G.R.S. Skillbuilding: Analyzing City Directories. <http://www.bcgcertification.org/skillbuilders/skbld965.html>. May 1996 (Accessed 27 Baronial 2002).
Morgan, George. City Directories. <http://www.ancestry.com/columns/george/03-06098.htm?sourceid=00392187254525771865>. 6 March 1998 (Accessed 27 August 2002).
Primary Sources -- Directories. <http://world wide web.torontopubliclibrary.ca/history-genealogy/lh-digital-metropolis-directories.jsp>. 27 January 2000 (Accessed 27 August 2002).
Remington, Gordon, F.U.G.A. "Needle in a Smokestack: Urban Enquiry." Utah Genealogical Association Conference. Table salt Lake City, Utah, 13 April, 2000.

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